The Knowledge Gardens
Toxicology
1-bromo-2,3-dimethylbenzene
CAS 576-23-8
C8H9Br
1-bromo-2,4-dimethylbenzene
CAS 583-70-0
C8H9Br
1-bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzene
CAS 556-96-7
C8H9Br
1-butanol
CAS 71-36-3
C4H10O
1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene
CAS 620-14-4
C9H12
1,1-Dichloroethane
CAS 75-34-3
C2H4Cl2
1,1-Dichloroethylene
CAS 75-35-4
C2H2Cl2
1,1-Dichloropropene
CAS 563-58-6
C3H4Cl2
1,1-Difluoroethane
CAS 75-37-6
C2H4F2
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
CAS 71-55-6
C2H3Cl3
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
CAS 630-20-6
C2H2Cl4
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
CAS 79-00-5
C2H3Cl3
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
CAS 79-34-5
C2H2Cl4
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
CAS 96-12-8
C3H5Br2Cl
1,2-Dichloroethane
CAS 107-06-2
C2H4Cl2
1,2-Dichloroethylene, cis-
CAS 156-59-2
C2H2Cl2
1,2-Dichloroethylene, trans-
CAS 156-60-5
C2H2Cl2
1,2-Dichloropropane
CAS 78-87-5
C3H6Cl2
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
CAS 87-61-6
C6H3Cl3
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
CAS 96-18-4
C3H5Cl3
1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemellitol)
CAS 526-73-8
C9H12
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
CAS 120-82-1
C6H3Cl3
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
CAS 95-63-6
C9H12
1,3-Butadiene
CAS 106-99-0
C4H6
1,3-Dichloropropane
CAS 142-28-9
C3H6Cl2
1,3-Dichloropropene
CAS 542-75-6
C3H4Cl2
1,3-Dichloropropene, cis-
CAS 10061-01-5
C3H4Cl2
1,3-Dichloropropene, trans-
CAS 10061-02-6
C3H4Cl2
1,3-propanediol
CAS 504-63-2
C3H8O2
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
CAS 108-67-8
C9H12
1,4-Dioxane
CAS 123-91-1
C4H8O2

1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundw…

11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS)
CAS 763051-92-9
C10HClF20O4S
17-beta-Estradiol
CAS 50-28-2
C18H24O2
2-bromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene
CAS 576-22-7
C8H9Br
2-bromo-1,4-dimethylbenzene
CAS 35884-77-6
C8H9Br
2-Furancarboxyaldehyde
CAS 98-01-1
C5H4O2
2-Hexanone
CAS 591-78-6
C6H12O
2-methoxyethanol
CAS 109-86-4
C3H8O2
2-Methyl naphthalene
CAS 91-57-6
C11H10
2-methyl-1-propene
CAS 115-11-7
C4H8
2-methylbenzaldehyde
CAS 529-20-4
C8H8O
2-Methylbutane
CAS 78-78-4
C5H12
2-methylpentane
CAS 107-83-5
C6H14
2-Nitropropane
CAS 79-46-9
C3H7NO2
2-propen-1-ol
CAS 107-18-6
C3H6O
2,2-Dichloropropane
CAS 594-20-7
C3H6Cl2
2,3-dimethylbutane
CAS 79-29-8
C6H14
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
CAS 1746-01-6
C12H4Cl4O2
2,4-D
CAS 94-75-7
C8H6Cl2O3
2,4-DB
CAS 94-82-6
C10H10Cl2O3
2,4-Dichlorophenol
CAS 120-83-2
C6H4Cl2O
2,4,5-T
CAS 93-76-5
C8H5Cl3O3
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
CAS 93-72-1
C9H7Cl3O3
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
CAS 88-06-2
C6H3Cl3O
3-Hydroxycarbofuran
CAS 16655-82-6
C12H15NO4
3-methylhexane
CAS 589-34-4
C7H16
4-Androstene-3,17-dione
CAS 63-05-8
C19H26O2
4-bromo-1,2-dimethylbenzene
CAS 583-71-1
C8H9Br
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA)
CAS 919005-14-4
C7H2F12O4
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate (4:2 FTS)
CAS 414911-30-1
C6H4F9O3S-
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTSA)
CAS 757124-72-4
C6H5F9O3S
6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate (6 2FTS)
CAS 27619-97-2
C8H5F13O3S
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA)
8:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate (8:2FTS)
CAS 481071-78-7
C10H4F17O3S-
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA)
CAS 39108-34-4
C10H5F17O3S
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS)
CAS 756426-58-1
C8HClF16O4S
Aalpha-methyl-styrene, dimer
Acetaldhyde
CAS 75-07-0
C2H4O
Acetic Acid
CAS 64-19-7
C2H4O2
Acetone
CAS 67-64-1
C3H6O
Acetophenone
CAS 98-86-2
C8H8O
Acetyl tributyl citrate
CAS 77-90-7
C20H34O8
Alachlor (Lasso)
CAS 15972-60-8
C14H20ClNO2
Aldicarb
CAS 116-06-3
C7H14N2O2S
Aldicarb sulfone
CAS 1646-88-4
C7H14N2O4S
Aldicarb sulfoxide
CAS 1646-87-3
C7H14N2O3S
Aldrin
CAS 309-00-2
C12H8Cl6
Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
CAS 27154-44-5
C6H6Cl6
Aluminum
CAS 7429-90-5
Al
Anthracene
CAS 120-12-7
C14H10
Antimony
CAS 7440-36-0
Sb
Arsenic
CAS 7440-38-2
As

Arsenic is a potent carcinogen and common contaminant in drinking water. Arsenic causes thousands of…

Asbestos
CAS 12001-29-5
H4Mg3O9Si2
Atrazine
CAS 1912-24-9
C8H14ClN5

Atrazine is a herbicide commonly detected in drinking water that comes from cornfield and other agri…

Barium
CAS 7440-39-3
Ba
Bentazon (Basagran)
CAS 25057-89-0
C10H12N2O3S
Benzaldehyde
CAS 100-52-7
C7H6O
Benzene
CAS 71-43-2
C6H6
Benzo[a]pyrene
CAS 50-32-8
C20H12
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
CAS 205-99-2
C20H12
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
CAS 191-24-2
C22H12
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
CAS 207-08-9
C20H12
Benzoic acid
CAS 65-85-0
C7H6O2
Benzothiazole
CAS 95-16-9
C7H5NS
Benzyl alcohol
CAS 100-51-6
C7H8O
Beryllium
CAS 7440-41-7
Be
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
CAS 111-44-4
C4H8Cl2O
Bomo-chloro-iodomethane
Bromacil
CAS 314-40-9
C9H13BrN2O2
Bromate
CAS 15541-45-4
BrO3-
Bromide
CAS 24959-67-9
Br-
Bromobenzene
CAS 108-86-1
C6H5Br
Bromochloroacetic acid
CAS 5589-96-8
C2H2BrClO2
Bromochloromethane
CAS 74-97-5
CH2BrCl
Bromodichloroacetic acid
CAS 71133-14-7
C2HBrCl2O2
Bromodichloromethane
CAS 75-27-4
CHBrCl2
Bromoform
CAS 75-25-2
CHBr3
Bromomethane
CAS 74-83-9
CH3Br
Butachlor
CAS 23184-66-9
C17H26ClNO2
Butane
CAS 106-97-8
C4H10
Butanoic acid, 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)-
Butyl benzyl phthalate
CAS 85-68-7
C19H20O4
Butyl citrate
CAS 77-94-1
C18H32O7
Butylated hydroxyanisole
Cadmium
CAS 7440-43-9
Cd
Carbaryl
CAS 63-25-2
C12H11NO2
Carbofuran
CAS 1563-66-2
C12H15NO3
Carbon tetrachloride
CAS 56-23-5
CCl4
Carcinogenic VOCs

Many Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are solvents that increase the risk of cancer, and harm the n…

Chlorate
CAS 14866-68-3
ClO3-
Chlordane
CAS 57-74-9
C10H6Cl8
Chlorite
CAS 14998-27-7
ClO2-
Chlorodibromoacetic acid
CAS 5278-95-5
C2HBr2ClO2
Chlorodifluoromethane
CAS 75-45-6
CHClF2
Chloroethane
CAS 75-00-3
C2H5Cl
Chloroform
CAS 67-66-3
CHCl3
Chloromethane
CAS 74-87-3
CH3Cl
Chloropicrin
CAS 76-06-2
CCl3NO2
Chlorotoluene, o-
CAS 95-49-8
C7H7Cl
Chlorotoluene, p-
CAS 106-43-4
C7H7Cl
Chlorpyriphos
CAS 2921-88-2
C9H11Cl3NO3PS
Chromium (hexavalent)
CAS 7440-47-3
Cr
Chromium (total)
Chromium-6
CAS 18540-29-9
Cr+6

Chromium (hexavalent) is a carcinogen that commonly contaminates American drinking water. Chromium (…

Cobalt
CAS 7440-48-4
Co
Copper
CAS 7440-50-8
Cu

Copper enters tap water from copper plumbing pipes. High concentrations of copper in drinking water …

Cyanazine (Bladex)
CAS 21725-46-2
C9H13ClN6
Cyanide
CAS 57-12-5
CN-
Cyanide (free)
Cyanogen chloride
CAS 506-77-4
CClN
Cyclohexane
CAS 110-82-7
C6H12
Cyclohexanone
CAS 108-94-1
C6H10O
Dacthal
CAS 1861-32-1
C10H6Cl4O4
Dalapon
CAS 75-99-0
C3H4Cl2O2
DCPA di-acid degradate
DCPA mono- and di-acid degradates
Ddt
CAS 50-29-3
C14H9Cl5
Decane
CAS 124-18-5
C10H22
Desethylatrazine
CAS 6190-65-4
C6H10ClN5
Desisopropylatrazine
CAS 1007-28-9
C5H8ClN5
Di-n-butyl phthalate
CAS 84-74-2
C16H22O4
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
CAS 103-23-1
C22H42O4
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
CAS 117-81-7
C24H38O4
Dibromoacetic acid
CAS 631-64-1
C2H2Br2O2
Dibromochloromethane
CAS 124-48-1
CHBr2Cl
Dibromomethane
CAS 74-95-3
CH2Br2
Dicamba
CAS 1918-00-9
C8H6Cl2O3
Dichloroacetic acid
CAS 79-43-6
C2H2Cl2O2
Dichloroacetonitrile
CAS 3018-12-0
C2HCl2N
Dichlorobenzene, m-
CAS 541-73-1
C6H4Cl2
Dichlorobenzene, o-
CAS 95-50-1
C6H4Cl2
Dichlorobenzene, p-
CAS 106-46-7
C6H4Cl2
Dichlorobenzenes
Dichlorodifluoromethane
CAS 75-71-8
CCl2F2
Dichloroiodomethane
CAS 594-04-7
CHCl2I
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)
CAS 75-09-2
CH2Cl2
Dieldrin
CAS 60-57-1
C12H8Cl6O
Diethyl phthalate
CAS 84-66-2
C12H14O4
Diiodomethane
CAS 75-11-6
CH2I2
Diisobutyl phthalate
CAS 84-69-5
C16H22O4
Dimethipin
CAS 55290-64-7
C6H10O4S2
Dimethyl phthalate
CAS 131-11-3
C10H10O4
Dimethyl sulfide
CAS 75-18-3
C2H6S
Dinoseb
CAS 88-85-7
C10H12N2O5
Diquat
CAS 2764-72-9
C12H12N2+2
Disinfection byproducts

Disinfection byproducts are cancer-causing contaminants that form during water treatment with chlori…

Docosane
CAS 629-97-0
C22H46
Dodecane
CAS 112-40-3
C12H26
Dodecanoic acid
CAS 143-07-7
C12H24O2
Endothall
CAS 145-73-3
C8H10O5
Endrin
CAS 72-20-8
C12H8Cl6O
Erucylamide
CAS 112-84-5
C22H43NO
Estriol
CAS 50-27-1
C18H24O3
Ethanethiol
CAS 75-08-1
C2H6S
Ethinyl estradiol
CAS 57-63-6
C20H24O2
Ethoprop
CAS 13194-48-4
C8H19O2PS2
Ethyl ether
CAS 60-29-7
C4H10O
Ethylbenzene
CAS 100-41-4
C8H10
Ethylene dibromide
CAS 106-93-4
C2H4Br2
Fluoranthene
CAS 206-44-0
C16H10
Fluoride
CAS 16984-48-8
F-
Formaldehyde
CAS 50-00-0
CH2O
Germanium
CAS 7440-56-4
Ge
Glyoxal
CAS 107-22-2
C2H2O2
Glyphosate
CAS 1071-83-6
C3H8NO5P
Haloacetic acids (HAA5)
Haloacetic acids (HAA9)
Heneicosane
CAS 629-94-7
C21H44
Heptachlor
CAS 76-44-8
C10H5Cl7
Heptachlor epoxide
CAS 1024-57-3
C10H5Cl7O
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
CAS 118-74-1
C6Cl6
Hexachlorobutadiene
CAS 87-68-3
C4Cl6
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
CAS 77-47-4
C5Cl6
Hexadecanoic acid
CAS 57-10-3
C16H32O2
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA)
CAS 13252-13-6
C6HF11O3
Hexane(s)
CAS 7704-34-9
S
Hydrogen sulfide
CAS 7783-06-4
H2S
Iodomethane
CAS 74-88-4
CH3I
Isobutane
CAS 75-28-5
C4H10
Isooctyl alcohol
CAS 1653-40-3
C8H18O
Isopropyl alcohol
CAS 67-63-0
C3H8O
Isopropyl chloride
CAS 75-29-6
C3H7Cl
Isopropylbenzene
CAS 98-82-8
C9H12
Isopropyltoluene, p-
CAS 99-87-6
C10H14
Lead
CAS 7439-92-1
Pb

Lead contaminates drinking water when it leaches from pipes and plumbing fixtures. Lead exposure dur…

Lindane
Lithium
CAS 7439-93-2
Li
Manganese
CAS 7439-96-5
Mn

Manganese is a naturally occurring element that is common in food and drinking water. Excessive mang…

Mercury (inorganic)
CAS 7439-97-6
Hg
Methoxychlor
CAS 72-43-5
C16H15Cl3O2
Methyl ethyl ketone
CAS 78-93-3
C4H8O
Methyl isobutyl ketone
CAS 108-10-1
C6H12O
Methyl methacrylate
CAS 80-62-6
C5H8O2
Methylcyclohexane
CAS 108-87-2
C7H14
Methylcyclopentane
CAS 96-37-7
C6H12
Metolachlor
CAS 51218-45-2
C15H22ClNO2
Metribuzin
CAS 21087-64-9
C8H14N4OS
Molinate
CAS 2212-67-1
C9H17NOS
Molybdenum
CAS 7439-98-7
Mo
Monobromoacetic acid
CAS 79-08-3
C2H3BrO2
Monochloroacetic acid
CAS 79-11-8
C2H3ClO2
Monochlorobenzene (chlorobenzene)
CAS 108-90-7
C6H5Cl
MTBE
CAS 1634-04-4
C5H12O
n-Butyl alcohol
n-Butylbenzene
CAS 104-51-8
C10H14
N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA)
CAS 2991-50-6
C12H8F17NO4S
n-Hexane
CAS 110-54-3
C6H14
N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
CAS 62-75-9
C2H6N2O
n-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)
CAS 59-89-2
C4H8N2O2
n-Propylbenzene
CAS 103-65-1
C9H12
Naphthalene
CAS 91-20-3
C10H8
Nitrate
CAS 14797-55-8
NO3-

Nitrate, a fertilizer chemical, frequently contaminates drinking water due to agricultural and urban…

Nitrate & nitrite
Nitrite
CAS 14797-65-0
NO2-
Nitrobenzene
CAS 98-95-3
C6H5NO2
Nitrosamines

Nitrosamines are DNA-damaging, cancer-causing disinfection byproducts that form during water treatme…

Nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid
CAS 151772-58-6
C5HF9O4
o-ethyltoluene
CAS 611-14-3
C9H12
o-toluidine
CAS 95-53-4
C7H9N
Octadecanoic acid
CAS 57-11-4
C18H36O2
Oleic acid
CAS 112-80-1
C18H34O2
Oxamyl (Vydate)
CAS 23135-22-0
C7H13N3O3S
Oxyflurofen
Paraquat
CAS 4685-14-7
C12H14N2+2
Pentachlorophenol
CAS 87-86-5
C6HCl5O
Pentadecane
CAS 629-62-9
C15H32
Pentane
CAS 109-66-0
C5H12
Pentanes
Perchlorate
CAS 14797-73-0
ClO4-

Perchlorate, a component of rocket fuel, occurs both naturally and as a synthetic chemical. Ingested…

Perfluorinated chemicals

Perfluorinated chemicals are a group of synthetic compounds used in hundreds of products from nonsti…

Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (GenX)
Perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid
CAS 113507-82-7
C4HF9O4S
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)
CAS 375-73-5
C4HF9O3S
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)
CAS 375-22-4
C4HF7O2
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)
CAS 335-76-2
C10HF19O2
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)
CAS 307-55-1
C12HF23O2
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS)
CAS 375-92-8
C7HF15O3S
Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHPA)
CAS 375-85-9
C7HF13O2
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS)
CAS 355-46-4
C6HF13O3S
Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA)
CAS 307-24-4
C6HF11O2
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)
CAS 375-95-1
C9HF17O2
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
CAS 1763-23-1
C8HF17O3S
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
CAS 335-67-1
C8HF15O2
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid (PFPeS)
CAS 2706-91-4
C5HF11O3S
Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA)
CAS 2706-90-3
C5HF9O2
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA)
CAS 376-06-7
C14HF27O2
Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA)
CAS 72629-94-8
C13HF25O2
Perfluoroundecanoic Acid (PFUnA)
CAS 2058-94-8
C11HF21O2
Permethrin
CAS 52645-53-1
C21H20Cl2O3
PFOS + PFOA + PFHxS + PFNA
PFOS and PFOA
Phenanthrene
CAS 85-01-8
C14H10
Phenol, p-tert-butyl-
CAS 98-54-4
C10H14O
Picloram
CAS 1918-02-1
C6H3Cl3N2O2
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Potassium-40
CAS 13966-00-2
K
Profenofos
CAS 41198-08-7
C11H15BrClO3PS
Propachlor
CAS 1918-16-7
C11H14ClNO
Propanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)-
Propene
CAS 115-07-1
C3H6
Pyrene
CAS 129-00-0
C16H10
Quinoline
CAS 91-22-5
C9H7N
Radiological contaminants

Radiological contaminants leach into water from certain minerals and from mining. Drinking water con…

Radium, combined (-226 & -228)
Radon
CAS 10043-92-2
Rn
sec-Butylbenzene
CAS 135-98-8
C10H14
Selenium
CAS 7782-49-2
Se
Silver
CAS 7440-22-4
Ag
Simazine
CAS 122-34-9
C7H12ClN5
Strontium
CAS 7440-24-6
Sr
Strontium-89
CAS 14158-27-1
Sr
Strontium-90
CAS 10098-97-2
Sr
Styrene
CAS 100-42-5
C8H8
Tebuconazole
CAS 107534-96-3
C16H22ClN3O
tert-Amyl methyl ether
CAS 994-05-8
C6H14O
tert-Butyl alcohol
CAS 75-65-0
C4H10O
tert-Butylbenzene
CAS 98-06-6
C10H14
Testosterone
CAS 58-22-0
C19H28O2
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
CAS 127-18-4
C2Cl4
Tetradecane
CAS 629-59-4
C14H30
Tetradecanoic acid
CAS 544-63-8
C14H28O2
Tetrahydrofuran
CAS 109-99-9
C4H8O
Thallium
CAS 7440-28-0
Tl
Titanium
CAS 7440-32-6
Ti
Toluene
CAS 108-88-3
C7H8
Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Toxaphene
CAS 8001-35-2
C10H8Cl8
Tribromoacetic acid
CAS 75-96-7
C2HBr3O2
Tribufos
CAS 78-48-8
C12H27OPS3
Trichloroacetic acid
CAS 76-03-9
C2HCl3O2
Trichloroethylene
CAS 79-01-6
C2HCl3
Trichlorofluoromethane
CAS 75-69-4
CCl3F
Trichlorotrifluoroethane
CAS 354-58-5
C2Cl3F3
Tritium
CAS 10028-17-8
H2
Uranium, combined (pCi/L)
Vanadium
CAS 7440-62-2
V
Vinyl chloride
CAS 75-01-4
C2H3Cl
Xylenes (total)
Showing 329 substances